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Life cycle of Eurychasma dicksonii in Ectocarpus sp. (Phaeophyta):

A) attachment of an Eurychasma spore on the host surface, followed by subsequent piercing and injection of pathogenic material into the host cytoplasm

B) young Eurychasma thallus growing within the host cytoplasm

C) mature, walled thallus of Eurychasma causing hypertrophy of the algal host cell

D) mature Eurychasma sporangium after spore release